The GARD® publications.
Scientific references in a list.
Gradin, R.; Tourneix, F.; Mattson, U.; Andersson, J.; Amaral, F.; Forreryd, A.; Alépée, N.; Johansson, H. In Vitro Prediction of Skin-Sensitizing Potency Using the GARDskin Dose–Response Assay: A Simple Regression Approach. Toxics 2024, 12, 626. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12090626
Shashikiran Donthamsetty, Andy Forreryd, Paul Sterchele, Xiao Huang, Robin Gradin, Henrik Johansson, Ulrika Mattson, Isabelle Lee, Anne Marie Api, Gregory Ladics, GARDskin dose-response assay and its application in conducting Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) for fragrance materials using a Next Generation Risk Assessment (NGRA) framework, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 149, 2024, 105597, ISSN 0273-2300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105597.
Jenvert Rose-Marie, Larne Olivia, Johansson Angelica, Berglin Mattias, Pedersen Emma, Johansson Henrik, Evaluation of the applicability of GARDskin to predict skin sensitizers in extracts from medical device materials, Frontiers in Toxicology, Volume 6, 2024, ISSN 2673-3080, DOI=10.3389/ftox.2024.1320367. URL=https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/ftox.2024.1320367.
Marco Corvaro, Joseph Henriquez, Raja Settivari, Ulrika Mattson, Andy Forreryd, Robin Gradin, Henrik Johansson, Sean Gehen, GARD™skin and GARD™potency: A proof-of-concept study investigating applicability domain for agrochemical formulations, Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 148, 2024, 105595, ISSN 0273-2300, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105595.
Forreryd, A., Gradin, R., Larne, O., Rajapakse, N., Deag, E. and Johansson, H. (2022) The GARDskin assay: Investigation of the applicability domain for metals, ALTEX – Alternatives to animal experimentation. https://doi.org/10.14573/altex.2203021
Forreryd, A., Gradin, R., Humfrey, C. ., Sweet, L. and Johansson, H. (2022) Exploration of the GARDskin applicability domain: Indirectly acting haptens, hydrophobic substances and UVCBs, ALTEX – Alternatives to animal experimentation. https://doi.org/10.14573/altex.2201281
Robin Gradin, Andy Forreryd, Ulrika Mattson, Anders Jerre & Henrik Johansson. Quantitative assessment of sensitizing potency using a dose-response adaptation of GARDskin. Nature Scientific Reports. September 23, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98247-7
Robin Gradin, Angelica Johansson, Andy Forreryd, Emil Aaltonen, Anders Jerre, Olivia Larne, Ulrika Mattson, Henrik Johansson. The GARDpotency assay for potency-associated subclassification of chemical skin sensitizers – Rationale, method development and ring trial results of predictive performance and reproducibility. Toxicological Sciences. May 18, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfaa068
Henrik Johansson, Robin Gradin, Angelica Johansson, Els Adriaens, Amber Edwards, Veronika Zuckerstätter, Anders Jerre, Florence Burleson, Helge Gehrke, Erwin Roggen.
Validation of the GARD™skin assay for assessment of chemical skin sensitizers – ring trial results of predictive performance and reproducibility.
Toxicological Sciences. May 17, 2019. fz108, https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfz108
Renato I. de Ávila Danillo F. M. C. Veloso Gabriel C. Teixeira Thaisângela L. Rodrigues Tim Lindberg Malin Lindstedt Simone G. Fonseca Eliana M. Lima Marize C. Valadares
Evaluation of in vitro testing strategies for hazard assessment of the skin sensitization potential of “real‐life” mixtures: the case of henna‐based hair coloring products containing p‐phenylenediamine
Wiley Online Library, First published: 21 April 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/cod.13294.
Grundström G., Borrebaeck Carl A.K.,
Skin Sensitization Testing—What’s Next?
International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Feb 4 2019. 20(3), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijms20030666.
Stevenson M., Czekala L., Simms L., Tschierske N., Larne O., Walele T., The use of Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection (GARD) assays to predict the respiratory and skin sensitising potential of e-liquids. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. [Epub ahead of print]. Volume 103, April 2019, 158-165. doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph. 2019.01.001.
David W.Roberts, Is a combination of assays really needed for non-animal prediction of skin sensitization potential? Performance of the GARD™ (Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection) assay in comparison with OECD guideline assays alone and in combination. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, Volume 98, October 2018, Pages 155-160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.07.014.
Forreryd A., Norinder U., Lindberg T., Lindstedt M., Predicting skin sensitizers with confidence – Using conformal prediction to determine applicability domain of GARD. Toxicol In Vitro. Jan 30 2018, [Epub ahead of print];48:179-187. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.01.021.
Zeller KS., Johansson H., Lund TØ., Kristensen NN., Roggen EL., Lindstedt M., An alternative biomarker-based approach for the prediction of proteins known to sensitize the respiratory tract. Toxicol In Vitro, 2017 Oct 7;46:155-162. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2017.09.029.
Johansson H., Gradin R., Skin Sensitization: Challenging the Conventional Thinking – A Case Against 2 Out of 3 as Integrated Testing Strategy. Toxicological Sciences, kfx115, https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfx115. Published: 27 June, 2017
Zeller K. S., Forreryd A., Lindberg T., Gradin R., Chawade A., and Lindstedt M., The GARD platform for potency assessment of skin sensitizing chemicals. ALTEX Online first published April 12, 2017, version 2 https://doi.org/10.14573/altex.1701101
Johansson H., Gradin R., Forreryd A., Agemark M., Zeller K., Johansson A., Larne O., van Vliet E., Borrebaeck C., Lindstedt M., Evaluation of the GARD assay in a blind Cosmetics Europe study. ALTEX Online first February 17, 2017
Malmborg A., Borrebaeck C., Commentary. Testing Human Skin and Respiratory Sensitizers—What Is Good Enough? International Journal of Molecular Science 2017, 18(2), 241; doi:10.3390/ijms18020241
Forreryd A., Zeller K., Lindberg T., Johansson H., Lindstedt M. From genome-wide arrays to tailor-made biomarker readout – Progress towards routine analysis of skin sensitizing chemicals with GARD. Toxicolgy In Vitro. 2016 Sep 13.
Malmborg Hager A., Johansson H., Lindstedt M., Borrebaeck CA. Next generation skin sensitisation testing. PC Magazine, Sept 2016
Forreryd A., Johansson H., Albrekt AS, Borrebaeck CA, Lindstedt M. Prediction of chemical Respiratory sensitizers using GARD, a novel in vitro assay based on a genomic biomarker signature. PLoS One. 2015 Mar 11;10(3)
Reisinger K., et.al Systematic evaluation of non-animal test methods for skin sensitisation safety assessment. Toxicology in Vitro, Volume 29, Issue 1, February 2015, Pages 259–270
Forreryd A., Johansson H., Albrekt A.S., Lindstedt M. Evaluation of high throughput gene expression platforms using GARD – an assay for prediction of skin sensitization based on a genomic biomarker signature. BMC Genomics, 2014.
Johansson H., Rydnert F., Kuehnl J., Schepky A., Borrebaeck C.A.K., Lindstedt M. GARD in-house validation – A proof of concept. Tox Sci, 2014.
Albrekt A.S., Johansson H., Borrebaeck C.A.K., Lindstedt M. Skin sensitizers differentially regulate signaling pathways in MUTZ-3 cells in relation to their individual potency. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol, 2014.
Johansson H., Lindstedt M. Prediction of skin sensitizers using alternative methods to animal experimentation. Basic Clin Pharmacol, 2014.
Lundberg K., Rydnert F, Greiff L, Lindstedt M. Human blood dendritic cell subsets exhibit discriminative pattern recognition receptor profiles. Immunology, 2014.
Johansson H. GARD – Genomic Allergen Rapid Detection. A testing strategy for assessment of chemical sensitizers. Academic Doctoral Thesis, 2013.
Johansson H., Albrekt A.S., Borrebaeck C.A.K., Lindstedt M. The GARD assay for assessment of chemical skin sensitizers. Toxicol In Vitro, 2013.
Lindstedt M., Borrebaeck C.A.K. Pattern rules: biomarker signatures for sensitization as an alternative to animal testing. Biomark Med, 2011.
Johansson H., Albrekt A.S., Lindstedt M., Borrebaeck C.A.K. A genomic biomarker signature can predict skin sensitizers using a cell-based in vitro alternative to animal tests. BMC Genomics, 2011.
Larsson K., Lindstedt M., Borrebaeck C.A.K. Functional and transcriptional profiling of MUTZ-3, a myeloid cell line acting as a model for dendritic cells. Immunology, 2006.